Pentaprism: five-sided reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by a constant 90 degrees, even if the entry beam is not at 90 degrees to the prism.
Pellicle mirror: thin plastic membrane which may be used as a beam splitter or protective cover in optical systems.
Periscope: instrument for observation from a concealed position.
Aperture: A space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, esp. the variable opening by which light enters a camera.
Shutter: Each of a pair of hinged panels fixed inside or outside a window that can be closed for security or privacy or to keep out light.
Exposure: An act or instance of being uncovered or unprotected.
Depth of field: The distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.
F-stop: In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, f-stop, or relate aperture) of an optical system expresses the entrance pupil in terms of the focal length of the lens.
Focal length: The distance between the center of a lens or curved mirror and its focus.
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